Transformers

Definition
Transformer is a device that is used to change the voltage level of AC electric power through action of magnetic field. Frequency of electric power remains same during the process.

Construction
A transformer consists of a ferromagnetic core and one or more conductors wrapped around this core. Input conductor is called primary winding or primary coil and output conductor is called secondary winding or secondary coil. Both the coils and core are electrically isolated from each other and the transfer of electrical power is done electromagnetically.

Operating Principle
Transformers operate on Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction. In 1831 Michael Faraday discovered the phenomenon through which the power can be transferred from one coil to another through the magnetic field, without a metallic connection.

Transformer equations
Vs / Vp = Ns / Np (For potential or effort variables)
Ip / Is = Ns / Np (For kinetic or flow variables)
Voltage is directly proportional to the number of turns and current is inversely proportional to the turns
Pp = Ps (In an ideal scenario where no power is lost during the process, secondary power is equal to primary power)


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